Isotopes ( radioactive) of caesium are used in the medical field to treat certain types of cancer.In addition, caesium is used as a catalyst in the hydrogenation of certain organic compounds.This metal is also used in photoelectric cells.Like other group 1 elements, caesium has a great affinity for oxygen and is used as a " getter" in vacuum tubes.Cs-135 has also been used in this function. This isotope is used because, while it is less prevalent than either Cs-133 or Cs-137, Cs-134 can be produced solely by nuclear reactions. Cs-134 has been used in hydrology as a measure of caesium output by the nuclear power industry.SI defines the second as 9,192,631,770 cycles of the radiation which corresponds to the transition between two energy levels of the ground state of the caesium-133 atom. Since 1967, the International System of Measurements bases its unit of time, the second, on the properties of caesium. Caesium hydroxide (CsOH) is a very strong base and will rapidly etch the surface of glass.Ĭaesium is most notably used in atomic clocks, which are accurate to seconds in many thousands of years. Caesium reacts explosively in cold water and also reacts with ice at temperatures above −116?C. (Technically, francium is the least common alkali metal, but since it is highly radioactive with less than an ounce in the entire earth at one time, its abundance can be considered zero in practical terms.)Īlong with gallium and mercury, caesium is among the only metals that are liquid at or near room temperature. Caesium is the least abundant of the five non-radioactive alkali metals. Caesium is also the most electropositive and most alkaline chemical element and also has the least ionization potential of all the elements, except for francium. This metal is silvery gold in color and is both soft and ductile. The electromagnetic spectrum of caesium has two bright lines in the blue part of the spectrum along with several other lines in the red, yellow, and green. The variant spelling cesium is sometimes used, especially in North American English, but caesium is the spelling used by the IUPAC, although since 1993 it has recognized cesium as a variant as well. This element is most notably used in atomic clocks. It is a soft silvery-gold alkali metal which is one of at least three metals that are liquid at or near room temperature. SI units & STP are used except where noted.Ĭaesium ( cesium in the USA) pronounced /'siːziəm/ is a chemical element in the periodic table that has the symbol Cs and atomic number 55.
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